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Medieval weapons may seem primitive today, but they were, in fact, terrifyingly effective.

Article bay
7 min readNov 7, 2023

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Medieval weaponry was characterized by relatively low combat efficiency. However, it’s essential to emphasize that such an assessment can only be made when comparing the armament of medieval warriors with modern weaponry. In the times when it was used, ancient weapons brought death on the battlefield, allowed for the destruction of mighty fortifications, and thus defined the military strength of the people of that era — their aggression and expansiveness. How did medieval weapons develop? What was used on the battlefield in the Middle Ages? I will answer these and other questions below.

[Photo: George E. Koronaios, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons]

With the advent of the Middle Ages, the broadly understood Roman tradition began to gradually fade, as evidenced by the ideas proclaimed by philosophers in the Middle Ages. Although it drew heavily from the legacy of ancient thinkers, it pointed to entirely different values in practice. Slow changes occurred not only in social and cultural areas but also on the battlefield. Roman military art was in decline, which was evident not only in changes in strategy but also in the weapons used in combat.

The Development of Weapons in the Middle Ages

In the popular imagination, the most characteristic symbol of the Middle Ages is the…

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